Subject to submergence - must be properly installed.The Montana is cost effective to build but must be used in free flow conditions only. Sub-Type - The Montana, or short parshall.Some states specify the use of Parshall flumes by law for certain situations." (A direct quote from USBR Water Measurement Manual) "Although Parshall flumes are in extensive use in many western irrigation projects, they are no longer generally recommended because of the advantages of long-throated flumes previously cited and the disadvantages of Parshall flumes to be subsequently discussed.Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, WATER MEASUREMENT MANUAL, A WATER RESOURCES TECHNICAL PUBLICATION: A guide to effective water measurement practices for better water management. Standardized engineering specifications found in: ASTM D1941 − 91 (2013) and U.Use in free flow conditions only, with an accuracy of +- 3 percent.Subject to submergence just like all flume designs if improperly installed and used.(USBR) We recommend free flow conditions only! Several researchers do not recommend due to hydraulic complexity.The primary objective of their development was construction simplicity compared to the complexity of a Parshall flume.Sizes are standardized in original research papers and work is ongoing.The Cutthroat flume was developed during the mid 1960's at the Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah by Skogerboe, and others.The most accurate of the flume designs if properly installed. The USBR recommends this design due to a high degree of versatility and computer modeling (USBR) We recommend free flow conditions only!.Well suited for flat and low gradient ditches and canals if properly designed, it is highly resistant to submergence.The ramp flume is given to computer modeling for virtually any application and flow.The ramp flume was developed during the mid 1960 - 70s.
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